Just like any breed, Golden Retrievers have their share of health considerations that responsible breeders prioritize. By addressing these concerns and establishing guidelines, DOGG!T breeders aim to breed healthier and happier generations of Golden Retrievers.
Let’s dive into the health considerations for one of our favorite breeds.
DOGG!T recommends all breeders to conduct thorough health clearances to ensure the well-being of Golden Retrievers. These clearances include evaluations for hip and elbow dysplasia, cardiac health, and eye conditions. Our platform prioritizes breeders who adhere to these health standards, ensuring that puppies from our breeders are healthy and sound.
- An evaluation for hip dysplasia of a dog’s hip joint health through X-ray imaging. Here’s what this evaluation typically entails:
- X-ray Imaging: The dog is positioned on its back, and X-rays are taken of its hip joints from multiple angles. These X-rays capture detailed images of the hip joints, including the femoral heads (the ball-shaped portion of the thigh bones) and the acetabula (the socket in the pelvis).
- Evaluation of Joint Conformation: The X-rays are examined to assess the conformation of the hip joints, including the shape and alignment of the femoral heads and the depth of the acetabula. This evaluation helps determine whether the hip joints are properly formed or if there are signs of abnormal development, such as shallow sockets or misalignment.
- Measurement of Hip Joint laxity: The degree of laxity or looseness in the hip joints is assessed based on specific measurements taken from the X-ray images. Increased laxity can indicate a predisposition to hip dysplasia, as it allows for abnormal movement and wear of the joint surfaces.
- Scoring and Certification: Based on the findings of the X-ray evaluation, the OFA assigns a score to each hip joint, ranging from Excellent to Dysplastic. Dogs with hips that meet the criteria for good conformation and minimal laxity receive passing scores, while those with evidence of hip dysplasia may receive a fair, borderline, or dysplastic rating. The OFA provides certification for dogs with passing scores, indicating that their hip joints are free from significant abnormalities associated with hip dysplasia. Below is an international ratings matrix from OFA explaining the hip ratings:
- An evaluation for elbow dysplasia involves a comprehensive assessment of a dog’s elbow joint health through X-ray imaging. Here’s what this evaluation typically entails:
- X-ray Imaging: The dog is positioned appropriately, and X-rays are taken of its elbow joints from multiple angles. These X-rays capture detailed images of the elbow joints, including the articulation between the humerus (upper arm bone), radius, and ulna (lower arm bones).
- Evaluation of Joint Conformation: The X-rays are examined to assess the conformation of the elbow joints, including the shape and alignment of the bones involved. This evaluation helps determine whether the elbow joints are properly formed or if there are signs of abnormal development, such as incongruence or irregularities in the joint surfaces.
- Assessment of Fragmented Coronoid Process (FCP): One of the common components of elbow dysplasia is fragmented coronoid process, where a piece of bone within the elbow joint becomes fragmented. The X-rays are scrutinized to identify any signs of FCP, which may manifest as loose bone fragments within the joint or irregularities in the joint surface.
- Measurement of Elbow Joint Congruence: The degree of congruence or alignment between the bones of the elbow joint is assessed based on specific measurements taken from the X-ray images. Poor congruence can indicate a predisposition to elbow dysplasia and may lead to joint instability and osteoarthritis.
- Scoring and Certification: Based on the findings of the X-ray evaluation, the OFA assigns a score to each elbow joint, ranging from Normal to Dysplastic. Dogs with elbows that meet the criteria for good conformation and minimal abnormalities receive passing scores, while those with evidence of elbow dysplasia may receive a fair, borderline, or dysplastic rating (see below for dysplastic ratings). The OFA provides certification for dogs with passing scores, indicating that their elbow joints are free from significant abnormalities associated with elbow dysplasia. Below is an OFA explanation of the elbow dysplastic ratings:
Grade I Elbow Dysplasia: Minimal bone change along anconeal process of ulna (less than 2mm).
Grade II Elbow Dysplasia: Additional bone proliferation along anconeal process (2-5 mm) and subchondral bone changes (trochlear notch sclerosis).
Grade III Elbow Dysplasia: Well developed degenerative joint disease with bone proliferation along anconeal process being greater than 5 mm.
DOGG!Ts perspective on hips and elbow clearances:
Breeders use OFA hip and elbow certification to make informed breeding decisions aimed at reducing the incidence of hip or elbow dysplasia in future generations. Dogs with passing scores are considered suitable for breeding, while those with dysplastic hips and/or elbows are typically not used for breeding purposes to avoid passing on the condition to offspring. All DOGG!T breeders are required to provide this information, accompanied by a rating of ‘Fair’ or higher. A rating below ‘Fair’ will prompt our team of breeder ethics experts to seek an acceptable explanation regarding what factors counterbalance this hip and/or elbow clearance rating.
We found a great resource on Show Dog Med’s website reviewing X-rays for hips, elbows, spine, etc.
- A cardiac evaluation conducted by a veterinary cardiologist aims to comprehensively assess the heart health of a dog. During this examination, the veterinary cardiologist will perform various tests and assessments to evaluate the structure and function of the heart, as well as detect any abnormalities or signs of heart disease. Here’s what a cardiac evaluation typically addresses:
- Listening to Heart Sounds: The cardiologist will use a stethoscope to listen to the dog’s heart sounds, including the rhythm and intensity of the heartbeat. This helps detect any irregularities or murmurs that may indicate underlying cardiac issues.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart and helps identify abnormalities in heart rhythm (arrhythmias) or conduction disturbances.
- Echocardiography (Cardiac Ultrasound): Echocardiography is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses sound waves to create detailed images of the heart’s structure and function. It allows the cardiologist to assess the size and function of the heart chambers, the thickness of the heart walls, the motion of the heart valves, and the flow of blood through the heart.
- Blood Pressure Measurement: Measurement of blood pressure helps evaluate the function of the cardiovascular system and detect conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure), which can contribute to heart disease.
- Assessment of Heart Murmurs: If a heart murmur is detected during auscultation, further evaluation will be conducted to determine its cause and severity. This may include additional imaging studies or diagnostic tests.
- Screening for Congenital Heart Defects: Certain breeds are predisposed to congenital heart defects, so screening for these abnormalities is an essential part of the evaluation process.
- Detection of Heart Disease: The cardiologist will assess the overall health of the heart and identify any signs of heart disease, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, mitral valve disease, or congenital defects.
The grading system for cardiac exams in dogs varies depending on the organization performing the evaluation. However, common grading systems include: - Passing Grades:
- Normal: Indicates that the cardiac examination did not reveal any abnormalities, and the dog’s heart is considered healthy and free from significant cardiac issues.
- Clinically Normal: Indicates minor, clinically insignificant findings may be present, but overall, the heart is functioning normally without evidence of significant cardiac disease.
- Failing Grades:
- Abnormal: Indicates the presence of significant cardiac abnormalities or diseases that may impact the dog’s health or longevity.
- Clinically Abnormal: Indicates the presence of clinically significant findings suggesting cardiac disease that may require further evaluation or management.
- An Eye examination by a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist aims to assess various aspects of a dog’s eye health. During this examination, the ophthalmologist will thoroughly evaluate the structures of the eye to identify any abnormalities or signs of disease. Here are some specific aspects typically addressed during such an examination:
- Vision Assessment: The ophthalmologist will evaluate the dog’s vision using various tests to determine if there are any impairments or abnormalities affecting visual function.
- External Eye Structures: The ophthalmologist will examine the external structures of the eye, including the eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea, to check for signs of inflammation, injury, or abnormalities.
- Internal Eye Structures: Using specialized instruments, the ophthalmologist will examine the internal structures of the eye, such as the lens, retina, and optic nerve. This allows for the detection of conditions such as cataracts, retinal diseases, and optic nerve abnormalities.
- Intraocular Pressure: Measurement of intraocular pressure helps detect conditions such as glaucoma, which can cause irreversible damage to the optic nerve and lead to vision loss if left untreated.
- Tear Production: Evaluation of tear production is important for detecting conditions such as dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), which can cause discomfort and predispose the eye to infections.
- Genetic Eye Diseases: The ophthalmologist may conduct specific tests to screen for genetic eye diseases prevalent in certain breeds, such as progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) or collie eye anomaly (CEA).
The passing and failing ratings for a dog’s eye exam, particularly for breed-specific evaluations like the Canine Eye Registration Foundation (CERF) or the British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club (BVA/KC) Eye Scheme, typically include: - Passing Ratings:
- Normal: Indicates that the eye examination did not reveal any abnormalities, and the dog’s eyes are considered healthy and free from significant ocular issues.
- Clinically Normal: Indicates minor, clinically insignificant findings may be present, but overall, the eyes are functioning normally without evidence of significant ocular disease.
- Failing Ratings:
- Abnormal: Indicates the presence of significant ocular abnormalities or diseases that may impact the dog’s vision or eye health.
- Clinically Abnormal: Indicates the presence of clinically significant findings suggesting ocular disease that may require further evaluation or management.
DOGG!Ts perspective on Heart and Eye clearances:
All DOGG!T breeders are required to provide this information, accompanied by a rating of ‘Clinically Normal’ or higher. A rating below ‘Clinically Normal’ will prompt our team of breeder ethics experts to seek an acceptable explanation regarding what factors counterbalance these heart and/or eye clearance ratings.
Golden Retrievers are generally a healthy breed, but responsible breeders take proactive measures to minimize the risk of hereditary health conditions like above. By conducting thorough health clearances and testing, breeders aim to produce puppies with the best chances of a long and healthy life.
If you are looking for a Golden puppy, we’ll guide you through this health information, ensuring you understand the importance of responsible breeding practices and are confident in your decision when choosing a Golden Retriever breeder.
Some common questions…
What can happen if my Golden Retriever has elbow or hip dysplasia?
Hip and elbow dysplasia are orthopedic conditions that can significantly impact the well-being and mobility of your Golden Retriever. Here are some potential consequences if your Golden Retriever develops hip or elbow dysplasia:
Pain and Discomfort: Dysplasia in the hip or elbow joints can cause chronic pain and discomfort for your dog, especially during movement or physical activity. This discomfort can range from mild to severe and may worsen over time as the condition progresses.
Lameness and Mobility Issues: As the dysplasia progresses, your Golden Retriever may experience lameness or limping, particularly in the affected limbs. This can lead to difficulties with walking, running, jumping, and other daily activities.
Muscle Atrophy: Chronic pain and reduced mobility associated with hip or elbow dysplasia can result in muscle atrophy (loss of muscle mass) in the affected limbs. This further exacerbates weakness and instability in the joints, contributing to decreased function and mobility.
Joint Degeneration and Osteoarthritis: Dysplasia puts abnormal stress on the affected joints, leading to accelerated wear and tear of the joint surfaces. Over time, this can result in joint degeneration and the development of osteoarthritis, a painful inflammatory condition characterized by joint stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion.
Decreased Quality of Life: The pain, discomfort, and mobility limitations caused by hip or elbow dysplasia can significantly impact your Golden Retriever’s overall quality of life. It may affect their ability to engage in normal daily activities, enjoy exercise and play, and interact with their human family members.
Need for Medical Treatment: Dogs with hip or elbow dysplasia often require lifelong management and medical treatment to alleviate pain and manage symptoms. This may include pain medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, joint supplements, physical therapy, and weight management strategies.
Surgical Intervention: In severe cases of hip or elbow dysplasia, surgical intervention may be necessary to improve your Golden Retriever’s quality of life and mobility. Surgical options may include procedures such as hip or elbow replacement, joint stabilization, or corrective osteotomy (surgical realignment of the bones).
What can happen if my Golden Retriever has eye problems?
If your Golden Retriever develops eye problems, it can have various consequences depending on the nature and severity of the condition. Here are some potential outcomes if your dog experiences eye problems:
Vision Impairment or Blindness: Eye problems can result in partial or complete vision loss, affecting your Golden Retriever’s ability to see and navigate their environment. Vision impairment or blindness can significantly impact your dog’s quality of life and may require adjustments to their daily routine and living environment.
Discomfort and Pain: Many eye conditions can cause discomfort, pain, and irritation for your dog, leading to symptoms such as redness, tearing, squinting, rubbing of the eyes, and sensitivity to light. Discomfort can affect your dog’s behavior and mood, potentially leading to changes in appetite, activity levels, and overall demeanor.
Secondary Infections: Eye problems can predispose your Golden Retriever to secondary bacterial or fungal infections, especially if there is irritation, inflammation, or damage to the eye tissues. These infections can worsen the underlying condition and may require additional treatment with antibiotics or antifungal medications.
Corneal Ulcers or Abrasions: Conditions such as scratches, ulcers, or abrasions on the cornea (the transparent outer layer of the eye) can occur due to trauma, foreign objects, or underlying eye diseases. Corneal ulcers can be painful and may lead to vision loss if left untreated.
Progressive Eye Diseases: Some eye problems, such as progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) or glaucoma, are degenerative conditions that worsen over time. Progressive eye diseases can gradually impair vision and may eventually lead to blindness if not managed appropriately.
Conjunctivitis and Eye Discharge: Inflammation of the conjunctiva (the thin membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelids and the white part of the eye) can result in conjunctivitis, characterized by redness, swelling, and discharge from the eyes. Conjunctivitis can be caused by infections, allergies, or irritants and may require treatment with medicated eye drops or ointments.
Difficulty with Activities: Vision impairment or discomfort associated with eye problems can make it challenging for your Golden Retriever to engage in normal activities such as playing, walking, or navigating obstacles. Your dog may become hesitant or reluctant to participate in activities they once enjoyed.
Eye problems in Golden Retrievers can have significant implications for their health, comfort, and quality of life. Prompt veterinary attention, appropriate diagnosis, and treatment are crucial for managing eye conditions effectively and minimizing their impact on your dog’s well-being. Yearly eye examinations by a veterinarian or veterinary ophthalmologist can help detect and address eye problems early, improving the prognosis for your Golden Retriever’s eye health. The best preventative approach is finding a responsible DOGG!T breeder to ensure the best possible health outcome for any pup.
What can happen if my Golden Retriever has heart problems?
If your Golden Retriever has heart problems, it can lead to various consequences that may impact their health and well-being. Here are some potential outcomes of heart problems in Golden Retrievers:
- Reduced Exercise Tolerance: Heart problems can lead to decreased cardiac function, making it difficult for your Golden Retriever to engage in physical activities. They may become easily fatigued, experience shortness of breath, or have difficulty exercising as vigorously as before.
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Certain heart conditions, such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or degenerative valve disease (DVD), can progress to congestive heart failure. CHF occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs or other parts of the body. Symptoms may include coughing, difficulty breathing, lethargy, and abdominal distension.
- Arrhythmias: Heart problems can cause irregular heart rhythms or arrhythmias, which may disrupt the normal pumping action of the heart. Arrhythmias can lead to palpitations, fainting spells, weakness, or collapse in severe cases.
- Fluid Accumulation: Heart conditions can result in fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites) or in the chest cavity (pleural effusion), leading to discomfort, difficulty breathing, and increased respiratory effort.
- Decreased Quality of Life: Chronic heart problems can significantly impact your Golden Retriever’s quality of life, causing discomfort, distress, and limitations in daily activities. They may experience reduced appetite, weight loss, and a general decline in overall health and vitality. The decrease in life could be so bad that it could cause sudden death.
- Need for Lifelong Management: Dogs with heart problems typically require lifelong management and medical treatment to help control symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life. This may involve medications such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or anti-arrhythmic drugs, as well as dietary modifications and regular veterinary monitoring.
Responsible DOGG!T breeders are dedicated to ensuring new generations of healthier Golden Retriever puppies through a comprehensive approach to breeding practices. They prioritize the health and welfare of their breeding dogs by conducting thorough health screenings and testing to identify and mitigate potential hereditary diseases. By selecting breeding pairs with favorable health clearances, temperament, and conformation, breeders aim to reduce the risk of passing on inherited health issues to future generations. These breeders adhere to ethical breeding standards, avoiding overbreeding and prioritizing the well-being of their dogs throughout their lives. They offer lifetime support to puppy buyers, providing guidance on training, health care, and behavior management to ensure that each puppy receives the best possible care. Furthermore, responsible breeders prioritize education and transparency, educating prospective buyers about health testing and potential health risks associated with the breed while providing documentation of health clearances and genetic testing results. Continual improvement is a core value among DOGG!T breeders, as they actively seek to stay informed about advancements in veterinary medicine and breeding practices to further enhance the health and quality of Golden Retriever puppies produced.
Please visit our page dedicated to Golden Retriever information and our DOGG!T Premier Breeder Club breeders.